quick fuel and structural material
💧AP BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
Unit 1: Chemistry Foundations Study Guide
Review water, carbon, macromolecules, monomers, bonds, and molecular structure for AP Biology Unit 1.
8 key ideas8 flashcards5 practice questions
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Small units join, fold, and behave differently.
enzymes, receptors, and transporters
hereditary information
Key ideas to know
Start with the relationships between ideas. Then close the notes and explain each one from memory.
- 01
Unequal electron sharing makes water polar.
- 02
Hydrogen bonds give water cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, and strong solvent behavior.
- 03
Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing many molecular arrangements.
- 04
Dehydration reactions join monomers, while hydrolysis separates them.
- 05
A protein folds through interactions among amino-acid side chains.
- 06
Carbohydrates can provide fuel or form structural material.
- 07
Lipids include fats, phospholipids, and steroids, but they are not true polymers.
- 08
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.
PART OF THE AP BIOLOGY GUIDE
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Open the full AP Biology guide →Two ideas worth correcting now
NOT QUITE
→All lipids are polymers
USE THIS INSTEAD
Many lipids are assembled from smaller molecules, but they do not consist of repeating monomer chains.
NOT QUITE
→A broken hydrogen bond breaks a water molecule
USE THIS INSTEAD
Hydrogen bonds occur between water molecules. Covalent bonds hold the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within each molecule.
Flashcards
Answer before opening each card. The effort to retrieve is part of the learning.
1Why does water have strong cohesion?Show answer ＋
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules.
2What joins amino acids in a polypeptide?Show answer ＋
Peptide bonds.
3What are the monomers of nucleic acids?Show answer ＋
Nucleotides.
4How do saturated and unsaturated fats differ?Show answer ＋
Unsaturated fats contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
5What happens during hydrolysis?Show answer ＋
Water is used to split a covalent bond in a larger molecule.
6What bond joins monosaccharides?Show answer ＋
A glycosidic linkage.
7Which macromolecule category includes enzymes?Show answer ＋
Proteins.
8Why can extreme temperature reduce protein activity?Show answer ＋
It can disrupt interactions that maintain the protein's three-dimensional structure.
Explain it in your own words
Use the answer as a check after you have written or spoken your response.
01How does water moderate temperature?
Hydrogen bonds absorb energy before breaking, giving water a high specific heat.
02How does molecular structure affect protein activity?
The three-dimensional form controls which molecules the protein can bind and what reactions it can carry out.
03Why do phospholipids form bilayers in water?
Their polar heads interact with water while their nonpolar tails cluster away from it.
04How do dehydration and hydrolysis form a reversible pair?
One removes water to form a bond, while the other adds water to break that bond.
05Why can a single amino-acid substitution alter a protein?
A different side chain can alter folding, binding, stability, or activity.
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