covering and lining
🔬HUMAN ANATOMY STUDY GUIDE
Cells, Tissues, and Skin
Review membranes, transport, tissue classes, skin layers, glands, and repair.
8 key ideas8 flashcards5 practice questions
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Start at the surface, then identify what sits beneath it.
matrix, vessels, and binding
movement or signaling
Key ideas to know
Start with the relationships between ideas. Then close the notes and explain each one from memory.
- 01
The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that regulate transport and signaling.
- 02
Diffusion moves particles down a concentration gradient without direct ATP use.
- 03
Osmosis is water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.
- 04
Epithelial tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.
- 05
Connective tissue binds, protects, stores, and transports with cells set in an extracellular matrix.
- 06
Muscle tissue contracts, while nervous tissue communicates through electrical and chemical signals.
- 07
The epidermis is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
- 08
The dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, sensory receptors, follicles, and glands.
PART OF THE HUMAN ANATOMY GUIDE
See every set in this course and follow a focused review order.
Open the full Human Anatomy guide →Two ideas worth correcting now
NOT QUITE
→Skin is one uniform layer
USE THIS INSTEAD
It contains an epithelial epidermis over connective-tissue dermis, with a subcutaneous layer below.
NOT QUITE
→All membrane transport requires ATP
USE THIS INSTEAD
Diffusion, osmosis, and channel-mediated passive transport do not directly use ATP.
Flashcards
Answer before opening each card. The effort to retrieve is part of the learning.
1What is simple diffusion?Show answer ＋
Particle movement down a concentration gradient through the membrane or a channel.
2What is osmosis?Show answer ＋
Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.
3What are the four tissue classes?Show answer ＋
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
4What does epithelial polarity mean?Show answer ＋
The apical and basal surfaces differ in structure and function.
5What is extracellular matrix?Show answer ＋
Material outside connective-tissue cells, including ground substance and fibers.
6Which skin layer lacks blood vessels?Show answer ＋
The epidermis.
7Which cells make melanin?Show answer ＋
Melanocytes.
8What do eccrine glands produce?Show answer ＋
Watery sweat used in temperature control.
Explain it in your own words
Use the answer as a check after you have written or spoken your response.
01Why can a red blood cell swell in a hypotonic solution?
Water enters by osmosis because the outside solution has a lower effective solute concentration.
02Why does epithelial tissue recover relatively quickly?
Many epithelial cells divide frequently and receive nutrients by diffusion from nearby connective tissue.
03How do tendons differ from cartilage?
Tendons contain dense aligned collagen for tension; cartilage has cells in a firm gel-like matrix for compression and cushioning.
04How does skin assist temperature control?
Sweating removes heat by evaporation, while dermal blood flow alters heat transfer at the surface.
05Why can a severe burn disrupt fluid balance?
Loss of the skin barrier permits fluid loss and weakens protection from microbes.
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