to lung capillaries
❤️HUMAN ANATOMY STUDY GUIDE
Heart, Blood, and Circulation
Trace blood flow, cardiac conduction, vessel structure, blood pressure, and formed elements.
8 key ideas8 flashcards5 practice questions
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One pump sends blood to the lungs, and the other sends it to the body.
to systemic capillaries
return to the right atrium
Key ideas to know
Start with the relationships between ideas. Then close the notes and explain each one from memory.
- 01
The right heart sends blood to the lungs, while the left heart sends blood to systemic tissues.
- 02
Heart valves permit forward flow and close when pressure reverses.
- 03
The sinoatrial node normally starts each heartbeat.
- 04
The atrioventricular node delays conduction before impulses enter the ventricles.
- 05
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood toward it.
- 06
Capillaries have thin walls suited for exchange.
- 07
Cardiac output equals heart rate times stroke volume.
- 08
Red blood cells carry respiratory gases, white blood cells participate in defense, and platelets assist clotting.
PART OF THE HUMAN ANATOMY GUIDE
See every set in this course and follow a focused review order.
Open the full Human Anatomy guide →Two ideas worth correcting now
NOT QUITE
→Arteries always carry oxygenated blood
USE THIS INSTEAD
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood; direction from the heart defines an artery.
NOT QUITE
→The heart pumps only when all chambers contract together
USE THIS INSTEAD
Atrial contraction precedes ventricular contraction.
Flashcards
Answer before opening each card. The effort to retrieve is part of the learning.
1What is the blood route from right ventricle to left atrium?Show answer ＋
Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium.
2Which valve lies between left atrium and left ventricle?Show answer ＋
The mitral valve.
3What is the heart's usual pacemaker?Show answer ＋
The sinoatrial node.
4What is stroke volume?Show answer ＋
Blood ejected by one ventricle per beat.
5What is cardiac output?Show answer ＋
Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
6Which vessels have the thinnest walls?Show answer ＋
Capillaries.
7What protein carries oxygen in red blood cells?Show answer ＋
Hemoglobin.
8What begins platelet plug formation?Show answer ＋
Platelet adhesion to exposed material at a damaged vessel wall.
Explain it in your own words
Use the answer as a check after you have written or spoken your response.
01Trace blood from the vena cava to the aorta.
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, lungs, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta.
02Why is the left ventricular wall thicker?
It must generate enough pressure to send blood through systemic circulation.
03How does the AV-node delay assist pumping?
It allows the atria to finish emptying before ventricular contraction.
04Why does blood velocity fall in capillaries?
Their combined cross-sectional area is much larger than that of the aorta.
05How can venous valves aid return from the legs?
They prevent backflow while skeletal-muscle contraction compresses veins.
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