gas exchange
🫀HESI A2 STUDY GUIDE
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
Review tissues, body regions, nervous signals, circulation, breathing, digestion, kidney function, and hormonal control.
8 key ideas8 flashcards5 practice questions
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Name the organ, trace the flow, then state how it is regulated.
pulmonary and systemic flow
filter, return, secrete
Key ideas to know
Start with the relationships between ideas. Then close the notes and explain each one from memory.
- 01
Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities; connective tissue binds, stores, transports, or protects.
- 02
The nervous system sends rapid electrical and chemical signals, while the endocrine system uses hormones in blood.
- 03
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs; the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
- 04
Gas exchange occurs across the thin alveolar-capillary barrier.
- 05
Most nutrient digestion and absorption occur in the small intestine.
- 06
The kidneys filter plasma, return needed substances, secrete selected substances, and form urine.
- 07
Skeletal muscle usually acts under voluntary control, while cardiac and smooth muscle act involuntarily.
- 08
Negative feedback reduces departure from a regulated setting, while positive feedback amplifies a process until a stopping event.
PART OF THE HESI A2 GUIDE
See every set in this course and follow a focused review order.
Open the full HESI A2 guide →Two ideas worth correcting now
NOT QUITE
→Arteries always carry oxygenated blood
USE THIS INSTEAD
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood.
NOT QUITE
→Urine is all filtered fluid
USE THIS INSTEAD
Most filtered water and many solutes return to blood before urine leaves the kidney.
Flashcards
Answer before opening each card. The effort to retrieve is part of the learning.
1What does epithelial tissue do?Show answer ＋
Covers surfaces and lines cavities.
2Which system sends rapid neural signals?Show answer ＋
The nervous system.
3Which heart side pumps to the lungs?Show answer ＋
The right side.
4Where does lung gas exchange occur?Show answer ＋
Across the alveolar-capillary barrier.
5Where does most nutrient absorption occur?Show answer ＋
The small intestine.
6What organ filters plasma to form urine?Show answer ＋
The kidneys.
7Which muscle type forms the heart wall?Show answer ＋
Cardiac muscle.
8What does negative feedback do?Show answer ＋
Reduces departure from a regulated setting.
Explain it in your own words
Use the answer as a check after you have written or spoken your response.
01Trace blood from the right ventricle to the left atrium.
It travels through pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, and pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
02Why are alveolar walls thin?
A short diffusion distance permits faster oxygen and carbon-dioxide exchange.
03How do filtration and reabsorption differ in the kidney?
Filtration moves fluid from blood into the nephron; reabsorption returns selected substances to blood.
04How can the nervous and endocrine systems act together?
Neural centers can signal endocrine glands, and hormones can alter neural and tissue activity.
05Why does structure matter in anatomy questions?
Tissue form, thickness, arrangement, and blood supply constrain what an organ can do.
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