divide by molar mass
⚗️ACS GENERAL CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE
ACS General Chemistry Exam Study Guide
Prepare for the ACS general chemistry exam with core equations, concepts, and mixed practice prompts.
8 key ideas8 flashcards5 practice questions
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Cross through moles before moving between substances.
use the balanced equation
multiply by molar mass
Key ideas to know
Start with the relationships between ideas. Then close the notes and explain each one from memory.
- 01
Dimensional analysis keeps units connected to physical meaning.
- 02
Atomic and molecular structure explains observable properties.
- 03
Energy and entropy help predict physical and chemical processes.
- 04
Equilibrium and acid-base chemistry use shared ratio and conservation ideas.
- 05
Electrochemistry connects redox reactions to electrical work.
- 06
Stoichiometric coefficients connect particle and mole ratios but do not directly give mass ratios.
- 07
Rate laws come from experiment unless a reaction is explicitly elementary.
- 08
Standard cell potential and standard free energy have opposite signs through ΔG° = −nFE°.
PART OF THE ACS GENERAL CHEMISTRY GUIDE
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Open the full ACS General Chemistry guide →Two ideas worth correcting now
NOT QUITE
→Coefficients are gram ratios
USE THIS INSTEAD
They are particle or mole ratios; molar masses convert to grams.
NOT QUITE
→Spontaneous means fast
USE THIS INSTEAD
Thermodynamic direction does not specify reaction rate.
Flashcards
Answer before opening each card. The effort to retrieve is part of the learning.
1What is the relationship between moles and particles?Show answer ＋
One mole contains Avogadro's number of representative particles.
2What does the ideal gas law connect?Show answer ＋
Pressure, volume, amount, and absolute temperature.
3What is oxidized in a redox reaction?Show answer ＋
The species that loses electrons.
4What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?Show answer ＋
7, because hydrogen and hydroxide concentrations are equal at 1 × 10⁻⁷ M.
5What does Hess's law allow?Show answer ＋
Adding reaction enthalpies to find the enthalpy of an overall reaction.
6Can an overall balanced equation usually supply a rate law?Show answer ＋
No. The rate law is measured unless the step is elementary.
7How is a limiting reactant found?Show answer ＋
Calculate possible product from each reactant and identify the smaller amount.
8What sign does a spontaneous galvanic cell have for E°?Show answer ＋
Positive.
Explain it in your own words
Use the answer as a check after you have written or spoken your response.
01How should you approach an unfamiliar calculation?
List known quantities with units, identify the target unit, and build a conversion path.
02Why does increasing temperature favor an endothermic equilibrium direction?
Heat acts like a reactant for the endothermic direction.
03How are cell potential and spontaneity related?
A positive standard cell potential corresponds to a negative standard Gibbs free-energy change.
04Why must temperature be in kelvin for gas and thermodynamic equations?
Those equations use an absolute temperature scale.
05How should equilibrium direction be predicted away from equilibrium?
Calculate Q and compare it with K under the stated conditions.
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